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在加拿大土著与主流社会(英、法后裔为主)五百多年的交往中,土著政策历经了从强制性同化到有条件的民族自治的根本性变革。毋庸置疑,特鲁多政府于上世纪70年代初首创的多元文化政策以及其后三十多年的不断丰富与完善,对于扭转土著政策的指导思想起到了推波助澜的作用。然而,若想帮助土著踏上真正意义上的改革复兴之路,加拿大政府应当在多元文化政策的引领下,优先考虑以下政策前提:保留土著公民附加权(土著权和公民权的结合)地位,构建适合土著复兴与发展的多种自治政府模式,承认土著的所有权和条约权。基于此,土著才能真正走向经济全面振兴、分享各项政治权力的改革复兴之路。
In more than 500 years of interaction between Aboriginal and mainstream society in Canada (mainly English and French descendants), indigenous policies have undergone fundamental changes from obligatory assimilation to conditional national autonomy. Undoubtedly, the multi-cultural policy pioneered by the Trudeau government in the early 1970s and its continuous enrichment and improvement over the past thirty years have played a role in fueling the guiding ideology of reversing indigenous policies. However, if it is to help indigenous peoples to embark on a true path of reform and rejuvenation, the Canadian government should give priority to the following policy precepts under the leadership of multiculturalism: the retention of the attachment of aboriginal citizens (the combination of indigenous rights and civil rights), the construction of A range of models of self-government suitable for indigenous rejuvenation and development, recognizing indigenous ownership and treaty rights. Based on this, the indigenous talent can truly move toward a road of reform and rejuvenation in which all political power is fully rejuvenated and political power is shared.