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目的：探讨罕少见纵隔肿瘤的范畴及影像学诊断。材料与方法：分析罕少见纵隔肿瘤５２例，其中４７例摄有正侧位胸片，２０例进行了ＣＴ检查。结果：作者提出罕少见纵隔肿瘤范畴包括三方面：①肿瘤本身罕少见；②位于不常见部位的常见纵隔肿瘤；③伴罕少见影像学表现的常见纵隔肿瘤。某些罕少见纵隔肿瘤在发病年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤密度及伴发改变方面具有一定特征。另外，本文病例术前未能正确诊断者高达７８．８％，其中５９．６％的病例Ｘ线及ＣＴ诊断与病理结果不符，作者对罕少见纵隔肿瘤误诊原因进行了分析。结论：提高医师对罕少见纵隔肿瘤及其范畴的认识，多种检查结果（胸部平片、ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ结果并结合临床表现）综合分析，对提高该组疾病的诊断准确率有重要价值。
Objective: To explore the scope and imaging diagnosis of rare rare mediastinal tumors. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two cases of rare mediastinal tumors were analyzed. Among them, 47 cases had positive lateral chest radiographs and 20 cases had CT examination. RESULTS: The authors proposed that the rarely seen mediastinal tumor category includes three aspects: 1 rarely rare tumor itself; 2 common mediastinal tumors located at uncommon sites; 3 common mediastinal tumors with rare radiographic findings. Some rare mediastinal tumors have certain characteristics in terms of age of onset, site of tumor, tumor density, and associated changes. In addition, the patients who failed to correctly diagnose preoperatively were as high as 78.8%, of which 59.6% of cases were not consistent with X-ray and CT findings. The authors analyzed the causes of misdiagnosis of rarely seen mediastinal tumors. Conclusion: To improve the doctor’s understanding of rare rare mediastinal tumors and their categories, comprehensive analysis of multiple examination results (thorax plain film, CT or MRI findings combined with clinical manifestations) is of great value in improving the diagnostic accuracy of this group of diseases.