Despite the spontaneous regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system, clinical nerve repair often results in poor functional recovery with the high socio-economic burden. In presence of peripheral nerve injuries and when distal nerve transfers are not possible, nerve autografts, are the solution of choice to cross a critical nerve gap. However, these are associated with donor site morbidity and offer only suboptimal functional recovery. Thus, the need to improve the rate of effective regeneration has directed research attention towards stem cell therapy and nerve tissue engineering.