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丙型肝炎在全世界广泛流行,全球有2～3亿的慢性HCV感染者,亟待研制有效的丙肝疫苗。然而,丙肝疫苗的研制尚面临诸多困难。本文就丙型肝炎疫苗的研究现状及相关的免疫学进展作一综述。 1 HCV与机体免疫应答体液免疫应答在保护机体免受病毒的攻击中发挥着重要作用,包括与HCV同属的黄热病毒、登革热病毒、tickbone脑炎病毒等的疫苗设计均着力于诱生机体的中和抗体,接种后机体均能产生具有中和作用的包膜抗体,并能抵抗随后相应病毒的攻击,然对HCV而言,目前尚不能确定其中和抗体表位。有研究表明,HCV-E_2区的高变区(HVR1)含有具有中和作用的B细胞表位,并发现HCV-E_2蛋白能与细胞上的CD81分子结合(CD81被认为是感染肝细胞的HCV受体)。
Hepatitis C is prevalent in the world. There are between 200 and 300 million people with chronic HCV infection in the world. Therefore, effective hepatitis C vaccine is urgently needed. However, the development of hepatitis C vaccine still faces many difficulties. This review summarizes the research status of hepatitis C vaccine and related immunological progress. 1 HCV Immune Response to the Body Humoral immune responses play an important role in protecting the organism from attack by viruses, including vaccine design of yellow fever virus, dengue virus and tickbone encephalitis virus, both of HCV, Neutralizing antibodies, after inoculation of the body can produce a neutralizing effect of envelope antibodies, and resistant to subsequent attack by the corresponding virus, but for HCV, it is not yet able to determine its neutralizing antibody epitopes. It has been shown that the HVR1 region of HCV-E2 region contains a B-cell epitope with neutralizing effect and found that HCV-E2 protein binds to CD81 molecule on the cell (CD81 is considered as HCV infected hepatocyte Receptor).