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本文运用SBM-Undesirable模型测算了2004—2014年中国29个省份不同规模奶牛养殖场的环境效率与提升潜力,并运用Tobit模型分析了影响其环境效率的因素。研究结果表明,不同规模奶牛养殖场环境效率存在显著差异,大规模养殖场环境效率最高,小规模次之,中规模最低,且都具有很大提升潜力;奶牛养殖环境效率省际差异性明显,北京、山东、河北、天津、云南、陕西、新疆不同规模养殖场环境效率值都处在全国平均水平以上;如果忽略环境污染因素,奶牛养殖平均效率值将被高估0.1657,加入非期望产出指标后,黑龙江省养殖效率在省际间排名下降幅度最大;奶牛养殖环境效率和技术效率之间存在较高的相关性;奶牛日单产水平和每单位劳动力创造的养殖业产值对环境效率具有显著的正向影响。
In this paper, we use the SBM-Undesirable model to estimate the environmental efficiency and potential of dairy cattle farms of different sizes in 29 provinces in China from 2004 to 2014, and use Tobit model to analyze the factors that affect their environmental efficiency. The results showed that there were significant differences in the environmental efficiency of dairy farms of different sizes. The environmental efficiency of large-scale farms was the highest, followed by the small-scale ones, and the scale was the lowest, all of which had great potential for improvement. The inter-provincial difference in environmental efficiency of dairy cattle farms was obvious, The environmental efficiency values of farms of different sizes in Beijing, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Xinjiang are all above the national average; if the environmental pollution factors are neglected, the average efficiency of dairy cattle breeding will be overestimated by 0.1657, adding the non-expected output Index, the efficiency of farming in Heilongjiang Province ranked among the largest decrease in the inter-provincial; there was a high correlation between dairy farming environmental efficiency and technical efficiency; dairy yield and aquaculture output per unit labor force had significant environmental efficiency Positive effect.