培育苹果、梨类砧木苗,关键的问题是促进砧木苗基部的加粗,使苗木基部粗度达到当年芽接和翌年春枝接所要求的粗度,提早嫁接,提早出圃。另一方面砧木是嫁接苗生长的基础,砧木越粗壮,贮藏养分越多,嫁接苗生长就越旺盛,促进砧木苗加粗生长应搞好以下技术措施。一、精细整地、施足底肥。对苗圃地进行秋耕,春天进行精细整地,使地表10厘米以内不能有较大的土块,做成小畦,畦面要平坦。底肥要充足,亩施优质农家肥5000—10000公斤,磷酸二氢钾20公斤,过磷酸钙50公斤。并注意轮作,一般三年内不能重茬,否则,苗木生长不良。二、提高播种质量,促生壮苗。先开沟、沟内撒上种肥,浇底水,然后播种。播种距离要均匀,覆土厚度要一致。秋播的种子要在流水中浸泡3—5天。秋播种子第二年出苗早、幼苗生长快,抗病力强。所以秋播有利于苗木尽早加粗。若春播尽可能早播,促进前期生长,一般应在4月上旬播种,播前对 Cultivation of apples, pear rootstock seedlings, the key issue is to promote rootstock seedling thickening, seedling base roughness to the bud and then join the following year the required coarseness, early grafting, early nursery. On the other hand, rootstocks are the basis for the growth of grafted seedlings. The stronger the rootstocks are, the more nutrients are stored and the more vigorous the growth of grafted seedlings is. The following technical measures should be taken to promote the thick growth of rootstock seedlings. First, fine preparation, Shi sufficient enough fertilizer. Autumn nursery on the nursery, spring finely ground, so that within 10 cm of the surface can not have a larger clods, made of noodles, noodles to be flat. Base fertilizer should be adequate, Mushi high-quality farmyard 5000-10000 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 kg, superphosphate 50 kg. And pay attention to rotation, generally can not be cropped within three years, otherwise, poor growth of seedlings. Second, improve the quality of planting, promote strong seedlings. First ditch, ditch sprinkle fertilizer, pour the bottom water, then sow. Seeding distance should be uniform, covering the same thickness. Autumn sowing seeds soaked in running water for 3-5 days. The second year of autumn sowing seedlings emerge early, seedlings grow fast, strong disease resistance. So early autumn planting is conducive to nursery stock bold. If the spring broadcast as early as possible to promote pre-growth, generally should be sown in early April, before sowing