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在无石灰性潮土上进行12年定位施肥试验。结果表明,以有机肥与无机氮肥配合施用对冬小麦和夏玉米的肥效最好。有机氮与无机氮之比,冬小麦为1.6:1,夏玉米为1.25:1。每年施含氮9.2～18.4kg的有机肥,配合施含氮9.2～18.4kg的无机氮肥,平均每年增加土壤有机质0.04％～0.06％,全氮量0.001％～0.003％,碱解氮2.4ppm左右,有效磷0.083～0.79ppm,有效钾0.66～1.48ppm,而全磷量与土壤缓效钾略有增加。经多元逐步回归分析各土壤养分因素,以土壤碱解氨对冬小麦和夏玉米产量贡献最大。有机肥与无机氮肥配合施用能增加土壤脲酶,土壤磷酸酶与土壤蔗糖酶活性。这些酶的活性与土壤养分呈极显著正相关。氮磷钾肥配合施用也有较好的肥效,氮磷肥配合对冬小麦的效果优于氮钾肥配合,而对夏玉米则是氮钾肥优于氮磷肥。
In the non-calcareous soil for 12 years of fertilization test. The results showed that the combination of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer had the best effect on winter wheat and summer maize. The ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 1.6: 1 for winter wheat and 1.25: 1 for summer maize. The annual organic fertilizer containing 9.2 ~ 18.4kg of nitrogen and the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer containing 9.2 ~ 18.4kg of nitrogen will increase soil organic matter 0.04% -0.06%, total nitrogen 0.001% -0.003%, and alkali hydrolysis nitrogen 2.4ppm , Effective phosphorus 0.083 ~ 0.79ppm, available potassium 0.66 ~ 1.48ppm, while the amount of total phosphorus and soil slow-acting potassium increased slightly. After multiple stepwise regression analysis of soil nutrient factors, soil available ammonia was the largest contributor to the yield of winter wheat and summer maize. Combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer can increase soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil invertase activity. The activities of these enzymes were significantly and positively correlated with soil nutrients. N, P and K fertilizers also had better fertilizer efficiency. The effect of N and P fertilizer on winter wheat was better than that of N and K fertilizers, while nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were better than N and P on summer maize.