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电脱盐罐是原油蒸馏装置的重要设施,是炼油工艺的第一步,是炼油必不可少的设备。电脱盐可减轻装置设备的腐蚀,为下游装置提供含盐、含水符合要求的原料。原油从地层中开采出来,除石油外,其中还含有水及NaCl、MgCl_2、CaCl_2等无机盐类。原油含水,给加工过程带来很不利的影响。首先,由于水的汽化潜热很大,原油含水就会增加燃料的消耗和蒸馏塔顶冷却设备的负荷,不利于节能降耗。其次,由于水的相对分子质量比原油的平均相对分子质量小得多,原油中少量水汽化后,使蒸馏塔内气相体积急剧增大,导致蒸馏过程波动,系统内压增大,有可能引起蒸馏塔超压而产生事故。原油中的无机盐NaCl、MgCl_2、CaCl_2等受热后易水解,生成盐酸,腐蚀设备。其次,在换热器和加热炉中,随着水分的蒸发,无机盐沉积在管壁上形成盐垢,降低换热效率,增大流动压降,严重时导致管道堵
Electric desalination tank is an important facility of crude oil distillation unit, which is the first step of the oil refining process and an indispensable equipment for oil refining. Electrical desalination can reduce the corrosion of equipment and equipment, and provide salt and water-containing raw materials for downstream equipment. Crude oil is mined from the formation, except for oil, which also contains water and inorganic salts such as NaCl, MgCl 2 and CaCl 2. Crude oil, water, to the processing process has brought a very negative impact. First of all, because of the large latent heat of vaporization of water, the crude oil moisture will increase the fuel consumption and the distillation overhead cooling equipment load, is not conducive to energy saving. Second, since the relative molecular mass of water is much smaller than the average relative molecular weight of crude oil, a small amount of water vaporized in the crude oil causes the gas phase volume in the distillation column to increase sharply, causing the distillation process to fluctuate. As the system internal pressure increases, it may cause Distillation tower over-pressure accident. Salt in crude oil NaCl, MgCl_2, CaCl_2 easily hydrolyzed after heating, generating hydrochloric acid, corrosion equipment. Second, in the heat exchanger and furnace, with the evaporation of water, inorganic salts deposited on the pipe wall to form salt scale, reducing the heat transfer efficiency, increase the pressure drop, serious pipeline block