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本文主要根据应力释放的原理采用钻盲孔的方法对二种求解应力释放系数的方法——即标定法和理论计算法进行了试验研究。并对在有应力板上和无应力板上钻削加工应变值不同的现象进行了实测研究,发现有应力板上的钻削加工应变值的绝对值远小于无应力板上的钻削加工应变值,而这一数值对计算残余应力有很大的影响。考虑了这个数值后,可以避免在测量残余应力的分布中所出现的大的误差。 通过模拟船舶舷顶角焊接接头应力的实测结果,可看出:用传统的标定法与理论计算法所得的结果非常相近,它们的相对误差部不超过±5％,这证实了用理论计算法完全可以替代标定系数法,这样可以大大简化实测应力的手段,也为提高钻孔法的实测效率和实际的运用提供了有力的根据。
In this paper, based on the principle of stress release, two methods to solve stress release coefficient, ie, calibration method and theoretical calculation method, were studied by using blind-hole method. The phenomenon of different drilling strain values on stressed and unstressed plates was measured and found that the absolute value of the drilling strain on the stressed plate is much smaller than that of the unloaded plate Value, and this value has a great impact on the calculation of residual stress. With this value in mind, large errors in the distribution of measured residual stresses can be avoided. By simulating the measured results of the stress at the ship’s bow angle welding joint, it can be seen that the results obtained by the traditional calibration method and the theoretical calculation method are very similar, and the relative error part thereof does not exceed ± 5%, which confirms that using the theoretical calculation method Completely replace the calibration coefficient method, which can greatly simplify the measurement of the means of stress, but also to improve the measured efficiency of the drilling method and the actual use of provides a strong basis.