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目的通过了解企业噪声作业人员护听器使用情况,为制定干预对策及保护作业者身体健康提供科学依据。方法以江阴市噪声危害严重的轧钢企业为研究对象,分析作业人员职业暴露特点、检测工作环境中的噪声强度并进行频谱分析,并通过问卷和现场调查获得劳动者护听器使用及噪声防护的认知情况。结果环境作业点(117个)噪声强度检测合格率为49.6%,主要岗位噪声暴露强度为67.1~96.3 dB(A)。接触噪声8 h等效声级(LEx,8h)≥85 dB(A)的有346人,其高频损失和语频损失总检出率为31.2%。全程佩戴护听器的人员为72.5%,参加噪声危害教育的占92.8%,了解噪声危害的占80.3%,正确使用防护用品的占65.0%。结论必须严格落实《工业企业职工听力保护规范》的实施,对职工进行听力防护知识重点培训,减少职业病的发生。
Objective To understand the use of hearing aids by noise workers in enterprises and provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures and protecting the health of operators. Methods Taking steel rolling enterprises with serious noise hazards in Jiangyin as the research object, the occupational exposure characteristics of workers were analyzed, the noise intensity in working environment was detected and the spectrum analysis was carried out. The use of worker’s hearing aids and noise protection were obtained through questionnaires and field surveys Cognitive situation. Results The qualified rate of noise intensity detection was 49.6% for ambient operation points (117) and 67.1-96.3 dB (A) for main positions. In 346 people with 8 h equivalent sound level (LEx, 8h) ≥85 dB (A), the total detection rate of high frequency loss and speech loss was 31.2%. 72.5% of the people wearing the hearing aids, 92.8% of them participating in education about noise and harm, 80.3% of them knowing about noise, and 65.0% of them using protective equipment correctly. Conclusion The implementation of the “Code for Hearing Protection of Workers in Industrial Enterprises” must be strictly implemented, key knowledge of hearing protection should be given to employees and the incidence of occupational diseases should be reduced.