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目的分析云南少数民族地区儿童青少年生活质量状况,为进一步采取干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,应用儿童青少年生活质量量表对云南省镇沅县和平乡、古城乡哈尼族、拉祜族和傣族聚居村寨中291名7~18岁儿童青少年进行调查。结果云南少数民族儿童青少年总体生活质量得分依次为哈尼族(141.22±13.30)分、傣族(138.55±11.96)分、拉祜族(134.20±12.15)分;拉祜族儿童青少年生活质量状况除亲子关系、负性情绪、自我满意度外,其他维度得分均低于傣族和哈尼族(P<0.01);云南3个少数民族儿童青少年总体生活质量为(137.92±12.76)分,与中国农村儿童青少年常模的(138.98±16.91)分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);师生关系、同伴关系、自我概念和运动能力4个维度得分均高于常模,学习能力与态度、作业态度、生活便利性、活动机会性和自我满意度5个维度得分均低于常模,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论云南省3个少数民族儿童青少年生活质量水平状况与中国农村常模存在不同方面的差异性,可能与区域交通的便利性和受教育的条件有关。
Objective To analyze the quality of life of children and adolescents in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan and provide the basis for further intervention. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate 291 adolescents aged 7-18 years old in Hani, Lahu and Dai settlements in Heping County and Gucheng Township, Zhenyuan County, Yunnan Province, using the children and adolescents’ quality of life scale. Results The scores of overall quality of life of minority children and adolescents in Yunnan were: Hani (141.22 ± 13.30) points, Dai (138.55 ± 11.96) points and Lahu (134.20 ± 12.15) points. The quality of life of Laha children and adolescents was negative (P <0.01). The overall quality of life of three ethnic minority children and adolescents in Yunnan was (137.92 ± 12.76) points, which was similar to that of the rural children and adolescents in China (138.98 ± 16.91), the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The scores of teacher-student relationship, peer relationship, self-concept and motor ability were all higher than those of norm, learning ability and attitude, working attitude, life The five dimensions of convenience, activity chance and self-satisfaction were all lower than the norm, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The differences in quality of life among the three ethnic minority children and adolescents in rural areas in Yunnan are different from those in rural China, which may be related to the convenience of transportation and the conditions of education.