麻疹是一种传染性很强的急性呼吸道传染病,主要通过咳嗽、喷嚏等飞沫传播。在已有麻疹疫苗的今天,部分国家亦有疫情的暴发。由于免疫、疫苗接种以及病毒变异等问题,麻疹患者临床症状变得不典型,因此实验室诊断非常重要。多项文献证明抗体捕捉ELISA法和间接ELISA法分别是检测麻疹抗体Ig M和Ig G的主要方法,而PCR法还可以弥补ELISA法在发病初期容易产生漏检的不足,也具有很高的实用价值。本文对麻疹的实验室诊断研究进展进行了综述。 Measles is a highly contagious acute respiratory infection spread mainly through droplets such as cough and sneeze. In the existing measles vaccine today, some countries also have outbreaks. Due to immunization, vaccination and virus mutation and other issues, the clinical symptoms of measles patients become atypical, so laboratory diagnosis is very important. Several studies have demonstrated that antibody-capture ELISA and indirect ELISA are the main methods to detect measles antibody Ig M and Ig G, respectively. However, PCR method can also make up for the shortcoming of ELISA method that is prone to undetected in the early stages of onset, and is also highly practical value. This article reviews the progress of laboratory diagnosis of measles.