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尽管早在1993年第一个微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)就被发现,但一直到最近几年这类基因的多样性和广泛性才被揭示出来。据推测,脊椎动物基因组有多达1 000个不同的miRNAs,调控至少1/3以上的基因表达。miRNA通过与靶基因mRNA的3’非翻译区(3’UTR)不完全性互补配对,在转录后水平调控基因的表达,参与调控哺乳动物多个器官的发育过程和人类疾病的发生。miRNA在人类生命活动和疾
Although the first microRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered as early as 1993, the diversity and extensiveness of these genes have not been revealed until recently. Presumably, vertebrate genomes have up to 1,000 different miRNAs that regulate at least one third of the genes involved. miRNAs regulate the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by incompletely pairing with the 3 ’untranslated region (3’UTR) of the target gene mRNA, and are involved in the regulation of mammalian development of multiple organs and human diseases. miRNA in human life activities and diseases