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目的为了了解广东省广州市本地产蔬菜中重金属的污染状况,评价重金属经蔬菜途径摄入的健康风险。方法对广州市5个地区的10种蔬菜50个样品的砷、汞、铅、镉元素含量进行测定,采用国家卫生标准限值评价蔬菜重金属污染状况,并参照国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)给出的限定值为标准,对蔬菜重金属进行健康风险评价。结果 Hg、Cd和Pb为广州市本土蔬菜的主要污染元素,超标率分别为50%、50%和30%,叶菜类蔬菜重金属综合污染程度轻度污染的占20%;根茎类和瓜茄类蔬菜污染级别属安全和警戒级;广州市蔬菜中重金属污染的健康危害平均个人年风险(a-1)分别为:化学致癌物As=1.98×10-7~8.86×10-7,Cd=2.69×10-6~3.64×10-6;化学非致癌物Pb=2.38×10-7~4.44×10-7,Hg=3.06×10-6~7.01×10-6,致癌化学物质和非致癌化学物质的联合作用水平达到8.33×10-6~1.59×10-5,均低于国际放射防护委员会ICPR标准。结论广州市居民经本土蔬菜途径摄入重金属的人体健康风险较低,不会对暴露人群构成明显的危害。
Objective To understand the pollution status of heavy metals in vegetables produced in Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province and to evaluate the health risks of heavy metal intake through vegetables. Methods The contents of arsenic, mercury, lead and cadmium in 50 samples of 10 vegetables in 5 districts of Guangzhou were determined. The national health standards were used to evaluate the pollution status of heavy metals in vegetables. The results were given with reference to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) The limit value of the standard, the vegetable heavy metals for health risk assessment. Results Hg, Cd and Pb were the main pollution elements of native vegetables in Guangzhou. The exceeding standard rates were 50%, 50% and 30%, respectively. The comprehensive pollution degree of heavy metals in leafy vegetables accounted for 20% The average personal risk (a-1) for the health hazards of heavy metal pollution in vegetables in Guangzhou is as follows: chemical carcinogens As = 1.98 × 10-7 ~ 8.86 × 10-7, Cd = 2.69 × 10-6 ~ 3.64 × 10-6; chemical non-carcinogens Pb = 2.38 × 10-7 ~ 4.44 × 10-7, Hg = 3.06 × 10-6 ~ 7.01 × 10-6, carcinogenic chemicals and non-carcinogenic The combined effect of chemical substances reached 8.33 × 10-6 ~ 1.59 × 10-5, which is lower than the International Commission on Radiological Protection ICPR standard. Conclusion Guangzhou residents have low risk of human health by heavy metal intake by local vegetables, which will not cause obvious harm to the exposed population.