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夏鼐等人指出:“考古学属于人文科学的领域,是历史科学的重要组成部分。其任务在于根据古代人类通过各种活动遗留下来的实物,以研究人类古代社会的历史。实物资料包括各种遗迹和遗物,它们多埋没在地下,必须经过科学的调查发掘,才能被系统地、完整地揭示和收集。因此,考古学研究的基础在于田野调查发掘工作。”“考古学的研究对象是古代的遗迹和遗物,谈到它的方法论时,首先是如何收集被分为遗迹和遗物两大类的各种实物资料。作为科学的近代考古学,收集实物资料的主要手段应该是田野调查和发掘。因此,
Xia and others pointed out: ”Archeology belongs to the field of humanities and is an important part of the history science. Its mission is to study the history of the ancient human society based on the kind of things left by ancient human beings through various activities." The physical data include All kinds of relics and relics, buried in the ground, must be scientifically investigated to be systematically and completely revealed and collected. Therefore, archaeological research is based on field investigation and excavation work. The object of study is the ancient relics and relics, talking about its methodology, the first is how to collect is divided into two major categories of relics and relics of various physical data.As a scientific modern archeology, the main means of collecting physical data should be Field investigation and excavation.Therefore,