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初中生年龄处在11—15之间,思维发展的最显著特点是抽象逻辑思维开始占主导地位。他们能够理解一般的抽象概念,掌握一定的定理、定义、公式并进行逻辑推导,对许多现象能够进行概括和抽象。逻辑思维发展还是经验型的,在思维过程中具体形象成分仍然起主要作用。他们在进行抽象逻辑思维的时候,常常还需要具体的、直观的、形象的感性经验的支持,否则就会出现理解、判断、推理上的困难。当学生缺乏有关感性认识时,需要通过观察实验和其他教学手段,向学生提供具体感知,借助形象思维,使学生思维不断向高水平转化。
Junior high school students are between 11 and 15 years old. The most striking feature of thinking development is that abstract logical thinking begins to dominate. They can understand general abstract concepts, master certain theorems, definitions, formulas, and perform logical derivation. Many phenomena can be summarized and abstracted. The development of logical thinking is still empirical, and the specific image component still plays a major role in the process of thinking. When they carry out abstract logical thinking, they often need the support of concrete, intuitive and visual sensuous experiences. Otherwise, there will be difficulties in understanding, judging and reasoning. When students lack a perceptual knowledge, they need to provide students with specific perceptions by observing experiments and other teaching methods. With the help of image thinking, students’ thinking can be continuously transformed to a high level.