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青少年近视已成为我国严重的公共卫生问题，呈现出高发病率、低龄化的特点。近视被认为是遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的一类疾病。近年来，环境因素中的近距离工作已成为近视发生和发展危险因素的研究热点，但近距离工作与近视发生和发展之间的关系仍存在争议。本文对近距离工作的内容、近距离工作总时长、近距离工作强度与近视发生和发展的相关流行病学研究(包括横断面研究和纵向研究)以及相关机制研究(近视工作诱导的短暂性近视、调节滞后、巩膜缺氧学说)进行总结，为近视流行病学和近视形成病因学研究提供参考依据。“,”Juvenile myopia has become a serious public health problem in China, presenting rapidly increasing incidence and younger onset age.Refractive eye development is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors.In recent years, near work among environmental factors has become a hotspot in myopia risk factors research.However, the association between near work and myopia still remains controversial.In this article, the epidemiological studies on the relationship between near work content, total time spent on near work, intensity of near work and myopia, and its possible mechanisms (including near-work-induced transient myopia, accommodative lag and scleral hypoxia) were summarized, so as to provide reference for myopia epidemiology and etiology.