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以壳类植物纤维(榛子壳、椰壳、稻壳)为填料,以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体,采用挤出成型工艺制备三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料。对三种壳类植物纤维进行了成分分析;对三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料进行了力学性能和吸水性能测试,并进行了FTIR和TG-DSC联用法分析,用SEM观察了复合材料断面微观结构。结果表明:三种壳类植物材料中,稻壳纤维素含量最高,稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料有较好的结合界面和力学性能,稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料弯曲强度为69.79 MPa,分别比椰壳纤维/PVC和榛子壳纤维/PVC复合材料高4.34%和24.87%。三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料24h吸水率均小于1%,其中椰壳纤维/PVC复合材料吸水性较小,其24h吸水率为0.600 5%,榛子壳纤维/PVC复合材料热稳定性较好。三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料力学性能和吸水性均符合国家标准GB/T 24137—2009和GB/T 24508—2009要求。
Three shell plant fiber / PVC composites were prepared by extrusion molding using shell fiber (hazelnut shell, coconut shell and rice husk) as filler and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as matrix. The three kinds of shell plant fiber were analyzed in composition. The mechanical properties and water absorption of the three shell plant fiber / PVC composites were tested, and the combination of FTIR and TG-DSC was also analyzed. Sectional microstructure. The results showed that the content of cellulose in rice husk was the highest in three kinds of shell plant materials, and the bonding interface and mechanical properties of rice husk fiber / PVC composites were good. The bending strength of rice husk fiber / PVC composites was 69.79 MPa, Coconut shell fiber / PVC and hazelnut shell fiber / PVC composites were 4.34% and 24.87% higher. The moisture absorption of the three shell plant fiber / PVC composites was less than 1% for 24h, of which the water absorption of coconut shell fiber / PVC composite was small, the water absorbency of 24h was 0.600 5%, the thermal stability of hazelnut shell fiber / PVC composite better. The mechanical properties and water absorption of the three kinds of shell plant fiber / PVC composite meet the requirements of the national standard GB / T 24137-2009 and GB / T 24508-2009.