我一直在思考这样一个问题:日本自然资源匮乏,企业在产业链上下游两端都高度依赖外部经济,日本的商业管理教育也并非首屈一指,但为什么日本企业可在诸如汽车、电子、钢铁、造船等主流制造与装备业的全球化竞争中取得领导者地位?是不是在 I have been pondering the question of Japan’s scarcity of natural resources, its dependence on the external economy at both its upstream and downstream ends of the industry chain, and the fact that Japan’s business administration education is not second to none. But why Japanese companies can find ways of doing business in areas such as automotive, electronics, steel, Is it right? Leader in global competition such as mainstream manufacturing and equipment?