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大部分人所了解的朝鲜战争只存在于1950—1953年,在此前后出现的朝韩低烈度冲突(LIC)却鲜为人知。严格来看,“低烈度冲突”也是战争形式之一,能够造成相当数量的人员死伤,但其进行的方式却主要是通过制造暴动、游击战和“擦枪走火”行为,而不是传统军事作战行动来实现政治目标。事实上,核武器的出现让大国之间互相顾忌,总是希望尽量避免地区冲突升级,在这种背景下,与大国目标不一致的小国家便往往选择低烈度冲突,来叫板超级大国及其盟友。20世纪40～70年代发生的朝鲜半岛低烈度冲突,其特点在于朝韩军方对宣传、渗透和游击等战术的广泛运用。不过由于同期发生了其他较有影响的局部战争,这场“未结束的朝鲜战争”常被人们忽视,并由此被打上“被遗忘的战争”的标签。本文取材于曾任驻韩美军司令查尔斯·博尼斯蒂尔的回忆录,里面所提供的内容和观点仅供有兴趣的读者参考。
The Korean war that most people knew existed only in 1950-1953, after which there was little known about the LIC. Strictly speaking, “low intensity conflict” is also one of the forms of war that can cause a considerable number of casualties. However, it is conducted mainly through rioting, guerrilla warfare and “gun fire” rather than Traditional military operations to achieve political goals. In fact, the emergence of nuclear weapons makes each other scruples each other and always hopes to avoid escalation of regional conflicts as much as possible. In this context, small countries that are not in line with the goal of major powers often choose low-intensity conflicts to challenge the super-powers and their allies. The low intensity conflict in the Korean Peninsula, which occurred in the 1940s and the 1970s, was characterized by the widespread use of tactics such as propaganda, infiltration and guerrilla action by the DPRK and ROK military forces. However, due to the occurrence of other more influential local wars in the same period, this “unfinished Korean war” has often been overlooked and has been labeled “Forgotten Wars.” This article is based on the memoirs of Charles Bonifitil, the former commander of the U.S. forces stationed in South Korea. The contents and opinions provided are for your reference.