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一、引言教育收益率一直是劳动经济学家关注的重要问题,使用观测性数据时,用工具变量方法估计教育收益率占据突出地位。Angrist和Krueger(1991)(下文简称AK91)估计美国劳动力市场教育收益率的方法有着重要的影响。其基本方法是:发达国家或早或迟都颁布了《义务教育法》,在满16周岁(或17周岁)之前退学为法律所禁止,而人们的出生季度是随机分布的。如果6岁队列中不同出生季度者同时入学,那些出生在上半年的学生,到中学的某个学年结束时,已满16周岁,可以退学(进入
I. INTRODUCTION The rate of return to education has always been an important issue for labor economists. When observational data are used, the tool-based variable approach estimates the rate of return on education to a prominent position. The way in which Angrist and Krueger (1991) (AK91) estimate the rate of return on education in the US labor market has a significant impact. The basic method is: Developed countries promulgated the Compulsory Education Law either sooner or later. It is forbidden by law to drop out of school before the age of 16 (or 17), while the birthdays of people are randomly distributed. If students from the 6-year-old cohort have different birth quarters at the same time, students who were born in the first half of the year will be 16 years of age at the end of a school year and may drop out