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2型糖尿病（T2DM）是由遗传因素和环境因素共同作用而形成的多基因遗传性疾病，是一种复杂的异质性的糖代谢性疾病，主要包括高血糖反应、胰岛功能受损和（或）胰岛素分泌障碍。T2DM可引起多器官或组织功能失调。目前T2DM的发病机制尚未完全明确，但近年来的研究进展已对 T2DM 的认识带来了一些全新的面貌，特别是环境因素与遗传因素在分子水平的认识已为T2DM的治疗开辟了一些鼓舞人心的新领域。“,”Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is a polygenes heredity disease caused by both the genetic and environmental factors.T2DM is a complex heterogeneous disease of the glucose metabolic disorder, including the reaction of hyperglycemia and the impairment of pancreatic islets function and/or insulin secre-tion.T2DM is accompanied with the dysfunctions of multiple organs or tissues.Although the pathogenesis of T2DM remains unclear,the recent researches about it has presented some new views.These researches pio-neer some inspiring new areas for T2DM treatment,especially in the molecular mechanisms of environmental and genetic factors.