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目的摸清山西省文水县高砷水源和砷中毒病情的分布及危害程度,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《2009年度中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金山西省饮水型地方性砷中毒病情调查项目技术方案》的要求,结合既往调查资料,对文水县5个乡镇15个村居民的饮水砷含量和暴露人群发病情况进行了拉网式调查。结果测定井水水样42份,均为大口井,水砷超标率30.95%(13/42);砷中毒检出率1.568%(521/33 228),且随年龄增大而增加,男女患病性别差异明显(χ2=56.11,P<0.01),女性高于男性,病人临床表现主要以掌跖角化为主,部分伴有色素脱失或色素沉着。结论山西省文水县的砷中毒病情较轻,属于轻病区,但高砷区分布范围广,潜在危害大,应尽快采取必要的防治措施,积极寻找低砷水源进行防砷改水。
Objective To find out the distribution and harm of high arsenic water and arsenic poisoning in Wenshui County, Shanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control. Methods According to the requirements of the “2009 Central Subsidies for Local Public Health Special Fund Shanxi Province drinking water endemic arsenism disease survey project technical requirements”, combined with the previous survey data, five villages and towns in Wenshui 15 villages residents drinking water arsenic content and Exposed population incidence conducted a pull survey. Results A total of 42 well water samples were collected, all of them were large-scale wells. The over-standard rate of arsenic in water was 30.95% (13/42). The detection rate of arsenic poisoning was 1.568% (521/33 228) and increased with increasing age. The sex difference was significant (χ2 = 56.11, P <0.01), and the female was higher than the male. The clinical manifestations of the patients were mainly palmoplantar keratosis, and some were accompanied by depigmentation or pigmentation. Conclusion The arsenic poisoning in Wenshui County, Shanxi Province is mild and belongs to the light ward. However, the high arsenic area has a wide range of distribution and potential dangers. Therefore, we should take the necessary control measures as soon as possible to actively search for low arsenic water sources to prevent the arsenic from changing water.