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发达国家的社会管理,经过自由主义到国家干预主义再到新自由主义几个时期,国家的角色经历了从“守夜人”到“警察”再到“保姆”的演化。时至今日,发达国家的社会管理呈现出一些鲜明特点,在管理体制上强调小政府大社会,强调政府扮演管理者和服务者的角色,注重完善社会管理的法律制度,注重公民和社会团体的参与,重视社区发展等。发达国家的社会管理理念经历了从社会控制思想到社会规管思想再到社会管理理论的演变,形成了风险社会、社会治理、公民社会、社会公正、社会福利、社会整合、社会冲突、社会团结、政策网络、社会资本等十大理论。发达国家社会管理对当今中国具有重要的借鉴意义,主要表现为:强调服务为先、民生为重的理念,着力发展社会事业;注重改革收入分配,促进社会公正;积极发展社会组织,调动民众主动参与社区事务,形成现代社会管理体制。
From the social management of developed countries to the period of national interventionism to neo-liberalism through liberalism, the role of the state has undergone an evolution from “Night Watchman” to “Policeman” to “Nanny”. At present, social management in developed countries shows some distinctive features. They emphasize the small government community in the management system, emphasize the government’s role as a manager and service provider, pay attention to improving the legal system of social management, and pay attention to the civil society and social groups Participation, emphasis on community development. The concept of social management in developed countries has undergone the evolution from social control thought to social regulatory thought to social management theory and has formed a system of risk society, social governance, civil society, social justice, social welfare, social integration, social conflicts, social solidarity , Policy network, social capital and other top ten theories. The social management in developed countries is of great significance to China today. The main ideas are as follows: emphasizing the idea of “serving first and people’s livelihood” and focusing on the development of social undertakings; paying attention to the reform of income distribution and social fairness; actively developing social organizations and mobilizing people’s initiative Participate in community affairs, forming a modern social management system.