水蛭为传统的常用动物药,始载于《神农本草经》,其后历代本草均有记载。现代研究表明,吸血蛭类分泌物含有多种广谱生物化学和药理活性物质,如抗凝血剂、抗血栓剂、麻醉剂、血管扩张剂等,其中主要的活性成分为水蛭素。但水蛭活性物质极不稳定,pH、温度、有机溶剂等均为影响其活性的因素。根据水蛭活 Leech is a traditional animal medicine commonly used in the “Shen Nong’s Materia Medica” and has been documented in ancient Chinese materia medica. Modern research shows that blood-sucking ticks contain a variety of broad-spectrum biochemical and pharmacologically active substances, such as anticoagulants, antithrombotics, anesthetics, vasodilators, etc. The main active ingredient is hirudin. However, the active substance of leech is extremely unstable, and pH, temperature, and organic solvents are all factors that affect its activity. According to Minamata