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In order to study the calculation methods of shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams of Chinese modern reinforced concrete buildings, this paper carried out tests on the concrete compressive strength of 12 Chinese modern concrete buildings, the mechanical properties of 66 rebars from different Chinese modern concrete buildings, and the concrete cover thickness of 9 Chinese modern concrete buildings, and the actual material properties and structural configurations have been obtained. Then, the comparison on calculation methods include the Chinese original calculation method, the Chinese present calculation method, the American present calculation method and the European present calculation method is studied with case analysis method. The results show that the Chinese original calculation method of shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams is based on the allowable stress calculation method, and the design safety factors are 3. 55-4. 00. The standard value of the compressive strength of concrete cubes is 8. 48 MPa, the standard value of the concrete tensile strength is 1.20 MPa, the standard value of the yield strength of rectangular rebars is 229. 56 MPa, and the standard value of the yield strength of round rebars is 276. 82 MPa. The average value of the concrete cover thickness of beams and columns is 35.96 mm. In term of calculation area of hoop rebars of reinforced concrete beams, without considering earthquake loads, the Chinese original structural calculation method is safer than the Chinese present structural calculation method, but is more unsafe than the American present structural calculation method and the European present structural calculation method. The results can provide the support for structural safety assessments and repair designs of Chinese modern reinforced concrete buildings.