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本文首先对中国的儿童营养不良不平等的集中度指数分析方法进行了简单的描述,然后选取“不同年龄段的身高Z评分”(Heightforagezscore)作为衡量指标。根据中国9个省份的家庭调查数据,我们发现人均家庭收入、户主受教育程度、城镇户口以及公交的便利程度都有助于降低儿童营养不良程度,儿童年龄对营养不良状况具有非线性影响。而城乡差距、省份差异和户主受教育程度的不平等,则会加剧营养不良不平等。另外,本文发现性别对营养不良及其不平等都没有影响。据此,本文建议,为改善中国儿童营养不良的不平等状况,中国政府应当进行相应的基础设施及社会福利项目投资。
This paper first briefly described the method for analyzing the index of concentration inequality in children’s malnutrition in China, and then chose Heightforagezscore as the measurement index. Based on the household survey data of 9 provinces in China, we found that per capita household income, education level of household heads, urban hukou and the convenience of public transport all contribute to reducing the level of malnutrition among children and that the age of children has a non-linear effect on malnutrition. Unequal levels of malnutrition are exacerbated by urban-rural disparities, provincial differences and inequalities in household education. In addition, the paper found that gender has no effect on malnutrition and its inequality. Accordingly, this paper suggests that to improve the inequality of child malnutrition in China, the Chinese government should invest in infrastructure and social welfare projects accordingly.