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词和概念不完全一致,但探讨词义却不能离开概念。概念之间有各种不同的关系,其中有一种是不调和的关系。如“恶”这个概念是否定“善”这个概念的,所以“善”和“恶”便有互相对立、互相否定的不可调和的关系。反义词就是表达这些不调和关系的词,如“生”、“死”,“革命”、“反动”,“赞成”、“反对”等。这说明了反义词产生的一个重要原因,也说明了任何民族语言中为什么都有反义词。
Words and concepts are not exactly the same, but exploring the meaning can not leave the concept. There are different kinds of relationships between concepts, and one of them is an uncoordinated relationship. If the concept of “evil” denies the concept of “goodness,” there is an irreconcilable relationship between “good” and “evil” that oppose each other and negate each other. Antonyms are expressions of these unharmonious terms, such as “life”, “death”, “revolution”, “reactionary”, “yes”, “objection” and so on. This illustrates an important reason for the production of antonyms and explains why there is an antonym in any national language.