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电子束熔炼的设想于1907年提出,直到1954年才显出它的重要性。它既能使液态金属在真空下充分脱气,又没有坩埚材料的污染。其优点主要有:熔炼速度可在大范围内调节,功率密度高且易控制,熔池表面温度高,因而可熔炼难熔金属,适用于任何形状的原料(如棒、块、屑、板等),易于精确控制熔料的化学组分,得到一定性能要求的稀有难熔和高纯金属材料。电子束对熔料的扫描还有搅拌作用,有利于合金化与去除杂质。
The idea of electron beam melting was proposed in 1907 and did not show its importance until 1954. It not only makes the liquid metal fully degassed under vacuum, but also no crucible material pollution. The main advantages are: smelting speed can be adjusted in a wide range of high power density and easy to control, the molten pool surface temperature is high, which can melt refractory metals, suitable for any shape of raw materials (such as rods, blocks, crumbs, plates, etc. ), Easy to precisely control the chemical composition of the melt, get a certain performance requirements of rare refractory and high purity metal materials. Electron beam scanning of the melt there is mixing, is conducive to alloying and removal of impurities.