本文统计了１９３３年至１９９４年上半年有关文献报道的２０６例自发性肾脏破裂，其中３７．９％的病因属恶性肿瘤，２５．７％为良性肿瘤，其次分别为血管疾患，炎症及凝血机制障碍等。指出ＣＴ是确定出血范围和检出病因最有价值的辅助手段，选择性动脉造影可以补充ＣＴ的不足。对急性期系列影象检查未获结果的患者，宜行薄层ＣＴ的随访性检查，而根洽性肾切除应慎重。 This article counts 206 cases of spontaneous renal rupture reported in the literature from the first half of 1933 to the first half of 1994, of which 37.9% were malignant and 25.7% were benign, followed by vascular diseases, inflammation and coagulation mechanisms Obstacles and so on. Pointed out that CT is to determine the extent of bleeding and detect the most valuable auxiliary means of etiology, selective arteriography can complement the lack of CT. Acute series of imaging findings in patients with no results, should follow-up thin-layer CT examination, and radical nephrectomy should be cautious.