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语言中的构词平面和句法平面上存在着自指和转指现象 ,构词平面上的转指不仅可以是有标记的 ,而且也可以无标记。语言中的转指究其实质是转喻在语法上的体现 ,一定的认知模型内以显著的东西转喻不显著的东西是一般规律。在概念上动作和事物的关系是整体和部分的关系 ,整体比部分突出 ,因而一般是谓词性成分体词化 ,特殊情况下才体词性成分谓词化。谓词性成分转指施事受事等受相关度的制约。无标记转指有其制约性。
There are self-referrals and referrals on the plane of the word formation and the syntactic level in the language. The referrals on the word-formation plane can not only be marked, but also mark-less. The essence of the translation in the language is that the metonymy is represented in the grammar, and the obvious thing in certain cognitive models is that the metonymic insignificant is the general rule. The concept of the relationship between action and things is the relationship between the whole and part of the overall outstanding than part of the general predicate is the composition of the word of the word, under special circumstances only part of the word predicate composition. Predicative composition refers to things such as the subject affected by the relevance of the constraints. Unmarked transfer has its constraints.