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采用石蜡切片、杂交和回交技术研究了芥菜型油菜多室材料J163角果的形态特征、单株产量性状构成和遗传控制机制。结果表明,J163的角果由4心皮发育而来,4个果瓣包围种子,2个假隔膜平行,将角果分隔成3个腔室;假隔膜发育稳定,无假隔膜发育障碍或中途退化而形成多室与两室角果嵌合现象;尽管多室材料的千粒重和单株有效角果数均小于两室材料,但多室材料每角粒数和单株产量显著提高,说明多室性状(每角粒数多)有利于提高油菜产量;J163多室性状受隐性核基因控制,无细胞质效应,J163和两室材料J248间在多室位点上存在2对基因差异,但J163的多室性状基因是否为2对独立隐性基因还需进一步研究。上述结果也说明J163是新型芥菜型油菜多室材料。
The morphological characteristics, yield traits and genetic control mechanisms of J163 in Brassica juncea were studied by paraffin section, hybridization and backcrossing techniques. The results showed that the fruit of J163 was developed from 4 carpels, surrounded by 4 petals, with 2 pseudomembranes parallel to divide the pods into 3 compartments. The pseudomembrane developed stably with no hypomembrane dysplasia or midway Degeneration and formation of multi-chamber and two-chamber podocarp chimerism; Although 1000-grain weight of multi-chamber material and effective pod number per plant were less than the two-chamber material, but the multi-chamber material per grain number and yield per plant significantly increased, indicating more Room traits (with more grains per corner) increased the yield of rapeseed. J163 multi-chamber trait was controlled by recessive nuclear gene and had no cytoplasmic effect. There were two pairs of genetic differences between J163 and J248 in the multi-compartment locus J163 multi-ventricular trait gene is independent of two recessive genes need further study. The above results also show that J163 is a new type of Brassica juncea multi-compartment material.