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我国学者对法律援助对象的分类未能反映出法律援助的对象是“贫弱的人”这一本质属性。学理上,以“贫弱”为标准,因经济绝对“贫弱”而需要法律援助的人是法律援助的一般对象;因生理、心理、自由、文化等相对“贫弱”而需要法律援助的人是法律援助的特殊对象。据此,法律援助对象之学理分类可以系统解构为一般对象和特殊对象。一般对象,可分经济绝对贫弱的公民和法人;特殊对象,又可基于不同的因素引出不同的对象。这一学理分类的法律实益在于:理论上,彰显了法律援助对象在确定上的平等价值和权衡优先原则,能提升法律援助对象理论的学术品味;实践上,统一了法律援助对象分类的标准,既能修补传统“经济困难”(经济绝对“贫弱”)标准的缺陷,又能满足法律援助对象日益扩张的现实需要。
The classification of legal aid recipients by our scholars fails to reflect that the object of legal aid is the essential attribute of “poor people ”. In theory, “poor and weak” as the standard, due to absolute economic “poor and weak ” and those who need legal aid is the general target of legal aid; due to physiology, psychology, freedom, culture, relative Legal aid is a special object of legal aid. Accordingly, the legal classification of legal aid objects can be systematically deconstructed into general objects and special objects. The general object can be classified as citizens and legal persons who are absolutely poor in economy. Special subjects can also lead to different objects based on different factors. The legal benefits of this theory classification lie in that: in theory, the legal aid targets demonstrate the equal value of determination and trade-off priority principle, which can enhance the academic taste of the legal aid object theory; in practice, the standard of legal aid object classification is unified, It can not only repair the defects of the traditional “economic difficulties” (economic absolute “weakness”) standards, but also meet the realistic needs of expanding legal aid recipients.