如何区分单句和复句,这是学生深感困惑的问题。有的根据结构,有的根据语音停顿,有的根据关联词语,还有的根据意义,等等。目前使用的“九年义务教育三年制初级中学教科书”,划分单句和复句主要是根据结构。采用结构标准,在理论上是正确的;在实践上,与其它标准比较而言,也是利多弊少,切实可行的。下边从几个方面谈谈单句和复句的界限问题。 第一,复句中的各个分句在结构上是“互不包含”的,因此,主谓短语作句子成分的句子(即所谓“包孕句”)是单句,不是复句。例如,下面三例均为单句: How to distinguish between single sentences and complex sentences is a question that students are deeply puzzled by. Some of them are based on the structure, some are based on speech pauses, some are based on related words, others are based on meaning, and so on. At present, the “Nine-year Compulsory Education Three-year Junior High School Textbook” is divided into single sentences and complex sentences mainly based on structure. The use of structural standards is theoretically correct; in practice, compared with other standards, it is also less profitable and less harmful and practical. The following section discusses the boundary between single sentences and complex sentences from several aspects. First, the various clauses in a complex sentence are structurally “not inclusive of each other.” Therefore, a sentence whose subject-predicate phrase is a sentence component (namely, the so-called “inclusive sentence”) is a single sentence, not a complex sentence. For example, the following three cases are single sentences: