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腺病毒载体广泛应用于恶性肿瘤的基因治疗,但它在体内应用时仍存在感染效率低、缺乏靶向性等问题。近年来,多种方法对腺病毒载体进行改建使之具有感染或表达的特异性,提高外源基因的表达效率和特异性。本文对腺病毒载体的靶向性构建相关进展作一综述,主要包括:①转导靶向设计,即通过改变腺病毒的嗜性,提高对靶细胞的转导效率或增加对靶细胞感染的特异性;②转录靶向设计,即在转录水平控制外源性基因的表达,限制基因在靶细胞中表达;③双靶向设计,即以上两方面结合起来改建腺病毒载体。
Adenovirus vectors are widely used in the gene therapy of malignant tumors, but they still have the problems of low efficiency of infection and lack of targeting in vivo. In recent years, a variety of methods of adenoviral vector was modified so that it has the specificity of infection or expression, improve foreign gene expression efficiency and specificity. This review summarizes the progress of targeted construction of adenoviral vectors, including: (1) Transduction targeting design, that is, by changing the tropism of adenovirus, increasing the transduction efficiency of target cells or increasing the infection of target cells Specificity; ② transcriptional target design, that is, at the transcriptional level to control the expression of exogenous genes, limiting gene expression in target cells; ③ dual-target design, that is, the combination of these two aspects of adenovirus vector.