美国科学院院长弗兰克·普雷斯在1988年4月26日举行的美国科学院年会上,号召确定科学的优先发展顺序,并指出了选择R&D的原则。这些原则是在两个前提下提出的,一是必须想办法维持美国在科学和技术上的领先地位,二是要坚决克服美国目前的预算赤字危机。普雷斯指出,所提出的原则在政治上是可行的,能适应国会的要求。第一类:这一类是指在预算紧缩的情况下,最优先得到资助的R&D。1.保持人才基地以及科学和技术的传递渠道。这就是说处于绝对优先地位的是绝大多数科学家、工程师、临床研究者起作用的培训以及研究的资助。这包括资助影响很多研究者和研究生的研究型大学和国家实验室。这类例子有:美国卫生研究院(NIH),美国国 At the annual meeting of the American Academy of Sciences held on April 26, 1988, Frank Press, president of the American Academy of Sciences, called for a prioritization of science and pointed out the principle of selecting R & D. These principles are put forward on two preconditions: First, we must find a way to maintain the leading position of the United States in science and technology; second, we must resolutely overcome the current U.S. crisis of budget deficits. Press pointed out that the principle put forward is politically feasible and can meet the demands of the Diet. The first category: This category refers to the most auspicious R & D in the case of budget constraints. 1. Maintain talent base and science and technology delivery channels. This means that absolute priority is the training of most scientists, engineers, clinical researchers, and research grants. This includes funding research universities and national laboratories that affect many researchers and graduate students. Examples of these are: the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), the United States