一、引言国外报告住院患者药物反应发生率多至18～30%,因药疗事故导致死亡者达3%。目前国内大型综合医院中西药品及其制剂至少1600种以上,滥用或不合理用药问题时有发生,药疗事故及药源性疾病日见增加。Tamburro 指出截止1976年已登记有毒非治疗性化学物质22,000种以上,许多毒物可引起严重肝损害,其中不少毒物可通过职业性接触或环境污染侵袭人体。奥村等认为从临床考虑,绝对安全药物并不存在,关键在于正确掌握用药标准,一次过量或长期用药常可造成肝损害。某些新药被推荐前虽经病例试 I. INTRODUCTION The incidence of drug reactions in hospitalized patients in foreign countries is as high as 18% to 30%. The number of deaths caused by medical accidents is up to 3%. At present, there are at least 1,600 kinds of Chinese and Western medicines and their preparations in large general hospitals in China. Problems of abuse or irrational drug use sometimes occur, and the number of medical accidents and drug-induced diseases increases day by day. Tamburro pointed out that as of 1976, more than 22,000 toxic and non-therapeutic chemicals were registered, many of which can cause severe liver damage. Many of these poisons can affect the human body through occupational exposure or environmental pollution. Okumura believes that from clinical considerations, the absolute safety of drugs does not exist, the key lies in the correct grasp of medication standards, an overdose or long-term medication can often cause liver damage. Although some new drugs are recommended before trial