一、观察视角美国著名教育心理学家奥苏伯尔曾说过一句名言:“如果我不得不把教育心理学还原为一条原理的话,我将会说,影响学习的最重要的原因是学生已经知道了什么,我们应当根据学生原有的知识状况去进行教学。”这句名言我们老师不见得能一字不落地背下来,但道理大家都懂,就是说教学不能零起点。不过,怎么才能清楚地知道“学生原有的知识情况是如何的,学生已经知道了什么”?大多数情况下,老师是根据 First, the perspective of observation Well-known American educational psychologist Ausubel once said a famous saying: “If I had to restore educational psychology as a principle, I would say that the most important reason for learning is that students What we already know, we should teach according to the original knowledge of the students. ”The famous saying we teachers may not be able to come back without a word, but the truth we all understand, that is, teaching can not be a starting point. However, how can we clearly know “What is the original knowledge of the students, what the students already know?” Mostly, the teacher is based on