腹腔内的游离液体超过1,000毫升时,可通过观察腹部膨隆、脐的位置下移、移动性浊音及液波感等检查出来。让患者取膝胸位则可发现量仅200毫升的腹水,即水潭征(puddle sign)。肝病是明显腹水的最常见原因。此外,恶性肿瘤、充血性心衰、结核及慢性胰腺炎同属重要原因。每种疾病各有其临床特征,但较罕见原因,诸如肾病、粘液性水肿及缩窄性心包炎等亦不应疏略。 Abdominal peritoneal free fluid more than 1,000 ml, by observing the bulging abdomen, umbilical position down, dull mobility and fluid wave detection and other out. Allow patients to get the knee chest can be found only as little as 200 ml of ascites, puddle sign (puddle sign). Liver disease is the most common cause of significant ascites. In addition, malignant tumors, congestive heart failure, tuberculosis and chronic pancreatitis are important reasons. Each disease has its own clinical features, but relatively rare causes, such as nephropathy, myxedema and constrictive pericarditis should not be neglected.