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欧盟水框架指令将要求各国制定流域管理计划,以获得良好的生态状况以及找到最经济的减少氮淋溶的措施。从这一点来说,基于模型模拟的详细情景计算具有重要价值。本文对基于模拟模型SOILNDB的一种系数方法进行了介绍,并且应用该方法对农田的氮淋溶量进行了研究,并就各种削减情景对瑞典南部伦讷(Rnnea)河流域(1900km~2)的影响进行了预测。对不同措施的成本也进行了计算。结果表明,单一措施——种植遮盖作物、春耕、牧草晚收、休耕和春季施农家肥——只能使氮淋容量减少5%～8%。如果采取以上所有的措施,同时将冬季作物用它们的春季品种替换,氮淋容量将有可能降低21%。然而,这就要求采取以上全部措施。
The EU WFD will require countries to draw up river basin management plans in order to obtain a good ecological status and find the most economical way to reduce nitrogen leaching. From this point of view, the detailed scenario calculation based on model simulation is of great value. In this paper, a coefficient method based on the SOILNDB model is introduced. The method is used to study the nitrogen leaching in farmland and the effects of various reduction scenarios on the Rnnea river basin in southern Sweden (1900km ~ 2) the impact of the forecast. The costs of different measures were also calculated. The results showed that single measures - planting covered crops, spring plowing, pasture harvesting late, fallow plow and spring manure - only reduced nitrogen lavage by 5% to 8%. If all the above steps are taken and at the same time the winter crops are replaced by their spring varieties, the volume of nitrogen will probably be reduced by 21%. However, this requires all the above measures.