货币政策和财政政策是国家宏观调控的两个主要手段。当国民经济在发展过程中出现总量不平衡和结构不合理的问题,具体表现为经济的过热和偏冷,资源的短缺和过剩时,就需要国家进行宏观调控。货币政策在防止经济过热,抑制通货膨胀方面比较有效;财政政策在刺激经济发展,促使经济走出低谷方面比较有效。这是由导致经济总量不平衡的原因及财政政策和货币政策的不同功能所决定的。经济过热时期,市场前景预期看好,企业踊跃投资,银行积极贷款,货币的供应量往往超过经济发展对货币的需求量,过多的货币追逐较少的商品, Monetary and fiscal policies are the two major means of state macroeconomic regulation and control. When the overall imbalance and irrational structure of the national economy appear in the course of its development, which is manifested in the overheating and colder economic conditions, the shortage of resources and the surplus, it is necessary for the state to exercise macro-control. Monetary policy is more effective in preventing overheating and curbing inflation. Fiscal policies are more effective in stimulating economic growth and pushing the economy out of downturn. This is determined by the reasons for the unbalanced economic output and the different functions of fiscal and monetary policies. Economic overheating period, market prospects are promising, businesses are actively investing, banks actively lending, the supply of money is often more than the economic development of the demand for money, too much money to chase less goods,