新生儿疾病筛查是儿童保健的重要组成部分,是优生优育、提高人口素质的重要措施之一。先天性甲状腺功能低下症(CH)和苯丙酮尿症(PKU)是两种严重影响儿童智力发育的先天性代谢异常,由于早期不易发现常常被误诊,待症状明显时已错过最佳治疗时机,患儿神经系统的损害已不可逆,造成终身智力残疾。对新出生的婴儿进行CH和PKU疾病的筛查,早发现,早治疗,可以避免患儿智力损害的发生。为了解安徽省安庆 Neonatal disease screening is an important part of child health care, it is one of the important measures to improve prenatal and postnatal care and improve the quality of the population. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and phenylketonuria (PKU) are two congenital metabolic abnormalities that seriously affect the mental development of children. Misdiagnosis is often misdiagnosed as being difficult to find in early stage. When the symptoms are obvious, the best timing of treatment has been missed, Children’s nervous system damage has been irreversible, resulting in life-long mental disabilities. Newborn babies CH and PKU disease screening, early detection and early treatment, can prevent the occurrence of mental damage in children. To understand Anqing in Anhui Province