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石墨化电极在电弧炼钢炉中应用的可靠性,在很多情况下,取决于它们抗热应力作用的能力,而热应力的最终效应则取决于石墨变形的大小和性质。关于石墨电极的变形性质,研究的不够充分,因为人们把主要的注意力都集中在研究与电极产品可靠性有关的机械强度上了。如果认为变形与应力—线弹性之间的关系是线性关系的话,这样做是恰当的。但是石墨电极的变形曲线从最初加负荷开始就不是线性的。石墨电极的变形包括弹性分量和非弹性分量:
The reliability of graphitized electrodes used in electric arc furnaces depends, in many cases, on their ability to withstand thermal stress, whereas the ultimate effect of thermal stress depends on the size and nature of graphite deformation. Research on the deformability of graphite electrodes has not been sufficiently studied as much attention has been focused on the study of the mechanical strength associated with the reliability of electrode products. This is appropriate if one considers the relationship between deformation and stress-line elasticity to be linear. However, the graphite electrode deformation curve from the initial load is not linear. Deformations of graphite electrodes include elastic and non-elastic components: