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本文认为,《孟子》“不以文害辞,不以辞害志”反映了孟子的话语理解观。其中“文”指文字,“辞”是话语,“志”是符合道德的思想意图。整句话的意思是不能因为文字的局限而妨碍对话语的理解,也不能因为话语的局限而妨碍对君子意志的理解。“以意逆志”中,“意”和“志”都具有道德含义,“以意逆志”作为一种话语理解方法,要求听话人以符合良心义理的思想认识去理解、揣度他人的语用行为,这是孟子的性善论和伦理学意义上的类推法则在话语理解方法上运用的必然结果。
This paper argues that Mencius did not reflect on Mencius’ viewpoints of discourse understanding. Which “text ” refers to the text, “Ci ” is the discourse, “Chi ” is consistent with the moral ideological intent. The meaning of the whole sentence can not prevent the understanding of the discourse because of the limitations of the writing nor can it hinder the understanding of the gentleman’s will because of the limitation of the discourse. “Intention” and “Chi ” have the moral meaning, “Intention to reverse” as a method of discourse understanding, requiring the listener to conform to the conscience of the idea of conscience To understand and to speculate on the pragmatic behavior of others is the inevitable result of Mencius’s theory of goodness and the analogy of ethics in the way of discourse comprehension.