约翰·李尔本，一位１７世纪的英国清教徒，他的勇敢与睿智为现代法治奠定了一项基本人权法，为今天刑事诉讼必须遵守的一项司法准则，即“反对强迫自证有罪”的原则。其意思是：任何人不被强迫作不利于他自己的证言或强迫承认犯罪；侦控机关在对犯罪侦查过程中，不得强迫犯罪 John Learben, a 17th-century British Puritan, whose bravery and wisdom laid down a fundamental human rights law for modern rule of law, is a judicial guideline that must be observed in today’s criminal suits, namely “Opposition to Forced Self-incrimination” the rules. This means that no one is compelled to make a testimony against him or forcefully recognize the crime; the investigating authority shall not compel the commission of crimes in the course of criminal investigation