铅是具有神经毒性的重金属元素，发育中的中枢神经系统对铅毒性尤为敏感．铅可影响未成熟脑各部位的发育，继而影响脑的功能，导致智力发育及神经行为障碍。本文综述了铅对发育期脑的影响及铅暴露时通过Ｃａ２＋、蛋白激酶Ｃ、Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－天冬氨酸受体复合物等可能的关键因素致发育期脑损害的机制。 Lead is a neurotoxic toxic heavy metal that is particularly susceptible to lead toxicity in the developing central nervous system. Lead can affect the development of various parts of immature brain, which in turn can affect brain function, leading to mental development and neurobehavioral disorders. This article reviews the effects of lead on developmental brain and the mechanism of brain damage during developmental lead through key components of Ca2 +, protein kinase C, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex during lead exposure.