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[目的]筛选高温伏旱条件下具有良好开花习性的粳型水稻不育系。[方法]以Ⅱ-32A为对照,在自然高温伏旱条件筛选并观察比较23个粳型不育系材料的开花习性,比如开花高峰期、单穗开花历期、单株开花历期、包颈粒率、开颖角度、颖间距离、柱头活力、柱头外露率等。[结果]各参试材料间开花习性差异显著。其中35478A、35489A及35502A 3个粳型不育系与对照相比具有开花高峰期提前、单穗开花历期和单株开花历期较长、包颈粒率较低、开颖角度较大及颖间距较长等优点。35478A开花高峰期集中在10:00-11:00,较对照提前1.5 h;35489A的柱头外露率较高,达76.23%;35502A的柱头生活力较高,最高达84.68%,保持时间较长。[结论 ]研究结果可以为该区域耐热优质高产粳稻的品种选育提供优质材料。
[Objective] The research aimed to screen the japonica rice CMS lines with good flowering habit under high temperature and drought conditions. [Method] With Ⅱ-32A as control, the flowering habits of 23 japonica CMS lines were screened and observed in natural high temperature and drought conditions, such as flowering peak period, flowering period of single ear, flowering period of single plant, Grain rate, open angle, distance between the stigma, stigma vitality, stigma exsertion rate and so on. [Result] The flowering habits of the tested materials differed significantly. Among them, the three sterile lines of 35478A, 35489A and 35502A had the peak flowering period, the flowering period of single ear and the flowering period of single plant were longer than those of the control, Ying spacing longer advantages. 35478A peaked at 10: 00-11: 00, 1.5 h earlier than the control. The stigma exsertion rate of 35489A was high at 76.23%. The stigma viability of 35502A was high at 84.68%. [Conclusion] The results could provide high quality materials for the breeding of high quality and high yield Japonica rice in this area.