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本文对中国24—52°N的野生大豆、中间型大豆(包括正常(W_1)、大粒(W_2)、平原(P),高海拔(H)四种类型)59份和地方栽培品种(C)14份进行了光周期分析。全部材料表现为短日性,短日性强度与纬度绝大多数呈显著负相关。在相同的纬度条件下,强度一般为:正常型(W_1)>大粒型(W_2)>栽培种(C),而大粒型近似正常型,平原型(W_1P、W_2P)>高海拔类型(W_1H、W_2H)。即高海拔材料的反应与较高纬度的平原材料表现相似。论述了高海拔条件,特别是低温和昼夜温差大对光周期特性形成的重要影响。 对中国25—51°N代表性纬度野生大豆(均为W_1P型),栽培大豆各8份进行了昼夜温度反应分析。首次发现:(1)30°/20℃,20°/20℃,30°/10℃,20°/10℃四种温度下开花日数、花期指数与纬度均呈负相关。(2)不同纬度材料的开花对昼高温、夜低温、大的昼夜温差呈规律性反应。表现高纬度材料对昼高温(30℃)敏感,提早开花显著;对夜低温(10℃)迟钝,延迟开花不显著;特别对昼夜大的温差反应迟钝;而低纬度的相反。25°N的材料,昼高温不但不促进开花,反而延迟。(3)35—40°N地区野生大豆的温度反应表现出明显的临界性。(4)对温度反应的敏感程度和光周期反应一样,也表现为野生大豆>栽培大豆。 综合光温生态分析,将中国平原地区野生大豆初步分为七个?
In this paper, 59 cultivars (C) of wild soybean, intermediate soybean (including four types of normal (W_1), large grain (W_2), plain (P) and high altitude (H) 14 were subjected to photoperiod analysis. All materials showed short-term, short-day intensity and latitude most significant negative correlation. Under the same latitude conditions, the intensity is generally as follows: normal type (W_1)> large grain type (W_2)> cultivated species (C), whereas the large grain type is approximate normal type, plain type (W_1P, W_2P) W_2H). That is, the response of high-altitude materials is similar to that of plain materials at higher latitudes. Discussed the high altitude conditions, especially the low temperature and temperature difference between day and night, the important impact on the formation of photoperiod characteristics. Day-night temperature response analysis was conducted on eight wild soybean cultivars (W_1P type) from 25-51 ° N representative latitudes in China. The results showed that: (1) The number of flowering days at 30 ° / 20 ° C, 20 ° / 20 ° C, 30 ° / 10 ° C and 20 ° / 10 ° C showed a negative correlation between the flowering index and latitude. (2) Flowering of materials with different latitudes showed a regular response to daytime temperature, night temperature, and large temperature difference between day and night. The performance of high latitude material is sensitive to daytime high temperature (30 ℃), early flowering significantly; late at low temperature (10 ℃), delayed flowering is not significant; especially for large temperature difference between day and night slow response; 25 ° N material, day temperature not only does not promote flowering, but delayed. (3) The temperature response of wild soybean in 35-40 ° N region showed obvious criticality. (4) Sensitivity to temperature reaction is the same as photoperiodic response, but also showed as wild soybean> cultivated soybean. Based on the ecological analysis of light and temperature, we divided the wild soybean in the plain of China into seven.