人类白细胞抗原(HLA)是人类最复杂、最具多态性的遗传系统,与疾病的易患性密切相关,其功能涉及机体免疫应答和调节的各个方面。慢性肾衰竭(CRF)是各类肾脏疾病发展到晚期的共同结果,而肾脏病的发生、发展多数是由免疫介导的炎性反应所致。近年来,HLA基因的表达及其多态性与CRF可能存在的免疫遗传易患性和相对风险性引起了国内外学者的重视。该文就HLA基因多态性与CRF相关性的研究进展予以综述。 Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) is the most complex and polymorphic genetic system in human being and is closely related to the disease susceptibility. Its function involves all aspects of the immune response and regulation of the body. Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the common result of all kinds of kidney disease development to late stage, and the occurrence and development of kidney disease are mostly caused by immune-mediated inflammatory reaction. In recent years, HLA gene expression and polymorphism and CRF may exist immune genetic susceptibility and relative risk caused by scholars at home and abroad attention. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between HLA polymorphism and CRF.