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在伤寒流行区,儿童和青少年的发病率很高。秘鲁利马市的确诊伤寒病例中,至少25%是10岁以下的儿童。由于幼儿伤寒往往只有轻度发热,漏诊的病例可能不少。在伤寒的诊断方面,血清学试验在流行区价值不大,细菌培养的意义尤为重要。在成人细菌学确诊的病例中,85%～95%是经血或粪便培养获得的。此外,已知儿科伤寒病例中,骨髓培养阳性率可达80%～90%,比血培养高。但是骨髓培养需要熟练的操作
In typhoid endemic areas, the incidence of children and adolescents is high. Of the confirmed cases of typhoid fever in Lima, Peru, at least 25% are children under 10 years of age. Since infantile typhus often only mild fever, missed cases may be a lot. In the diagnosis of typhoid, serological tests in the epidemic area of little value, the significance of bacterial culture is particularly important. In adult bacteriologically diagnosed cases, 85% to 95% are obtained from blood or stool culture. In addition, the known cases of pediatric typhoid, bone marrow culture positive rate of up to 80% to 90%, higher than the blood culture. However, bone marrow culture requires skilled manipulation